21st Century Nuclear Power Station Construction Starts — North America and Western Europe
Plant Make Capacity Announced Initial works Initial projected completion Initial cost (bn) unadjusted Current projected completion Latest projected cost (bn) Gross multiplier (see note) USD (bn) USD/kW Years end-to-end Years late AUD (bn) AUD/W
Flamanville 3, France EPR 1650 2004 2006 2012 €2.8 2023 €19.1 6.8x $22.6 $13,683 19 11 $30.7 $18,590.4
Olkiluoto 3, Finland EPR 1600 2002 2004 2010 €3.2 2022 €11.0 3.4x $13.0 $8,126 20 12 $17.7 $11,041.1
Hinkley Point C, UK EPR 3260 2007 2014 2017 £16.0 2026 £26.1 1.6x $36.2 $11,113 19 9 $49.2 $15,098.5
Vogtle 3 & 4, GA, USA AP1000 2234 2006 2009 2016 $14.0 2022 $30.0 2.1x $30.0 $13,448 16 6 $40.8 $18,271.2
VC Summer 2 & 3, SC, USA AP1000 2234 2008 2009 2016 $9.8 cancelled $25.0 2.6x $25.0 $11,191 ∞ ∞ $34.0 $15,204.7
max $18,590.4
min $11,041.1
average $15,641.2
Exchange rates
EUR to USD 1.182 updated 28 july 2021
STG to USD 1.388
AUD to USD 0.736
Flamanville 3 Figure Cost type Reference Note
announced: Oct-04 http://www.world-nuclear-news.org/newsarticle.aspx?id=14496
initial works: summer 2006 ibid.
initial completion: 2012 ibid.
initial cost: €2.8bn 2001€ OCC ibid. €3.48bn in 2015€, OCC
latest completion: 2023 https://www.lemonde.fr/economie/article/2020/07/09/nucleaire-la-cour-des-comptes-ereinte-l-epr_6045707_3234.html
latest cost: €19.1bn 2020€ final cost estimate ibid.
Olkiluoto 3
announced: 2002 https://tem.fi/documents/1410877/2937056/Nuclear+Energy+in+Finland https://twitter.com/VTulkki/status/1304708131965067264?s=20
initial works: Feb-04 ibid.
initial completion: 2010 http://www.ol3.areva-np.com/project/chrono.htm
initial cost: €3.2bn 2012€ cost to vendor https://www.neimagazine.com/features/featurea-long-and-winding-road-5671917/
latest completion: Feb-22 https://yle.fi/uutiset/3-11516011
latest cost: €11bn 2020€ final cost estimate https://www.worldnuclearreport.org/IMG/pdf/wnisr2019-v2-hr.pdf
Hinkley Point C
announced: 2007? https://www.reuters.com/article/us-edf-britain-nuclear-hinkley-timeline/timeline-britains-hinkley-point-c-nuclear-project-idUSKCN10E1JS Announcement by EDF Energy's CEO.
2007 https://www.nao.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/Hinkley-Point-C.pdf
initial works: May-14 ibid.
2011 https://www.nao.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/Hinkley-Point-C.pdf
initial completion: 2017? ibid.
initial cost: £16.0 2013£ OCC https://www.edfenergy.com/file/1405/download?token=gcM0D47gaHPuYvBZ7XqN0y_fjxKHLOvYuZJg1hoqRJc
latest completion: 2026 https://www.ft.com/content/fbc43de5-d3ae-49fd-9f5f-9e84f1db508d
latest cost: £23bn 2015£ final cost estimate https://www.ft.com/content/fbc43de5-d3ae-49fd-9f5f-9e84f1db508d
Vogtle
announced: 2006 https://www.nrc.gov/docs/ML0902/ML090280033.pdf
initial works: 2009 https://www.cmbg.org/papers/2018Presentations/Vogtle%2034%20Update%20-%20External.pptx
initial completion: 2016 http://southerncompany.com/nuclearenergy/SNCmedia/Vogtle_Media_Guide.pdf
initial cost: $14bn 2013$ reports https://www.ajc.com/business/vogtle-nuclear-project-take-longer-cost-more/gNRfHV6BSluTa4eDAUFIeL/
latest completion: 2022 https://www.ajc.com/news/local/georgia-vogtle-nuclear-report-more-delays-extra-costs-flaws/mBxlgXiDcf0SIaTFr0cZXL/
latest cost: $30.042bn 2021$ 25th VCM
VC Summer
announced: Mar-08 https://www.nrc.gov/reactors/new-reactors/col/summer.html
initial works: 2009 https://ors.sc.gov/sites/default/files/Documents/Regulatory/electricNaturalGas/newNuclear/VCSummerUnits/quarterlyReports/ORS4thQtr31710.pdf
initial completion: 2016 https://www.neimagazine.com/news/newssummer-time-for-ap1000-721
initial cost: $9.8bn 2008$ OCC plus forecasted inflation, owner’s costs and contingencies ibid.
latest completion: cancelled 2017 https://www.nytimes.com/2017/07/31/climate/nuclear-power-project-canceled-in-south-carolina.html
latest cost: $25bn 2017$ final cost estimate ibid.
nb: Gross multiplier is a simple comparison between initial and latest costs. Initial cost may or may not include inflation, interest and owner's costs. Check sources.